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Safety data summary

Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate

  • CAS 584-84-9
  • C9H6N2O2
  • EC 209-544-5
  • UN 2078
  • Danger

Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate (CAS 584-84-9) is a chemical substance with the molecular formula C9H6N2O2 and a molecular weight of 174.16 g/mol. Under the EU harmonised GHS classification (CLP Annex VI), it carries the signal word “Danger” and is classified as acutely toxic, a known or suspected carcinogen, a sensitizer, an irritant, and hazardous to aquatic life. Its label shows the Skull and Crossbones and Health Hazard pictograms. Key hazard statements include H315 (causes skin irritation), H317 (may cause an allergic skin reaction), and H319 (causes serious eye irritation). The OSHA permissible exposure limit (PEL) is 0.02 ppm (0.14 mg/m³).

Hazards at a glance

  • H315Causes skin irritation
  • H317May cause an allergic skin reaction
  • H319Causes serious eye irritation
  • H330Fatal if inhaled
  • H334May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled
  • H335May cause respiratory irritation
  • H351Suspected of causing cancer
  • H412Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects

Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council — harmonised classification (CLP Annex VI)

This is a reference summary, not a manufacturer SDS. Classifications differ between suppliers, concentrations and mixtures. Always use the SDS that came with your product. Have one you want explained? Upload it to the AI SDS analyzer.

1Identification

Name
Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate
IUPAC name
2,4-diisocyanato-1-methylbenzene
CAS number
584-84-9
EC number
209-544-5
Molecular formula
C9H6N2O2
Molecular weight
174.16 g/mol
InChIKey
DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES
CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)N=C=O)N=C=O
PubChem CID
11443
Synonyms
2,4-Diisocyanato-1-methylbenzene, 2,4-Toluene diisocyanate, TOLUENE 2,4-DIISOCYANATE, 2,4-Diisocyanatotoluene, Tolylene-2,4-diisocyanate, Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate, 2,4-Tolylene diisocyanate, 2,4-TDI, Hylene tlc, Benzene, 2,4-diisocyanato-1-methyl-, Di-iso-cyanatoluene, Toluylene-2,4-diisocyanate, 2,4-Toluenediisocyanate, Hylene T

Recommended uses

  • 2,4-Toluene diisocyanate is used as a chemical intermediate in the production of polyurethane products such as foams, coatings, and elastomers.
    EPA Hazardous Air Pollutants
  • Occupational asthma reported in floor varnishers and in workers manufacturing polyurethane foams and elastomers; [Malo]
    Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
  • Painting (Pigments, Binders, and Biocides) [Category: Paint] Working with Glues and Adhesives [Category: Other] Plastic Composites Manufacturing [Category: Industry]
    Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
  • Monomers Other Lubricating agent Foamant Adhesion/cohesion promoter Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
    EPA Chemical Data Reporting (CDR)
  • Adhesion/cohesion promoter
    EPA Chemical Data Reporting (CDR)

Description

  • Toluene diisocyanate exists in two isomeric forms (2,4-toluene diisocyanate and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate) which have similar properties and effects. Toluene diisocyanate is produced commercially as an 80:20 (2,4-toluene diisocyanate:2,6-toluene diisocyanate) mixture of the two isomers. At room temperature, the mixture is a clear, pale yellow liquid with a sharp, pungent odor. It should be stored under refrigeration, away from light and moisture in a tightly closed container under an inert atmosphere. Toluene diisocyanate is insoluble in water and miscible with most common organic solvents.
    Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)
  • Toluene Diisocyanate can cause cancer according to California Labor Code.
    California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA)
  • Toluene diisocyanate appears as a clear colorless to pale yellow liquid with a pungent odor. Denser than water. Burns, but may be difficult to ignite. Vapors are heavier than air. Vapors irritate the respiratory system. Toxic under prolonged exposure to vapor in low concentrations or short exposure to high concentrations of vapor. Carcinogenic. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion. Used to make polyurethane foams and paints.
    CAMEO Chemicals

2Hazard identification

Signal word
Danger
Pictograms
GHS06, GHS08
Classification source
Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council

Precautionary statements

CodeStatement
P203Obtain, read and follow all safety instructions before use.
P233Keep container tightly closed.
P260Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapors/spray.
P261Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapors/spray.
P264Wash hands [and ...] thoroughly after handling.
P264+P265Wash hands [and ...] thoroughly after handling. Do not touch eyes.
P271Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
P272Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace.
P273Avoid release to the environment.
P280Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection/hearing protection/...
P284[In case of inadequate ventilation] Wear respiratory protection.
P302+P352IF ON SKIN: wash with plenty of water/...
P304+P340IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.
P305+P351+P338IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do - continue rinsing.
P316Get emergency medical help immediately.
P318if exposed or concerned, get medical advice.
P319Get medical help if you feel unwell.
P320Specific treatment is urgent (see ... on this label).
P321Specific treatment (see ... on this label).
P332+P317If skin irritation occurs: Get medical help.
P333+P317If skin irritation or rash occurs: Get medical help.
P337+P317If eye irritation persists: Get medical help.
P342+P316If experiencing respiratory symptoms: Get emergence medical help immediately.
P362+P364Take off contaminated clothing and wash it before reuse.
P403Store in a well-ventilated place.
P403+P233Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
P405Store locked up.
P501Dispose of contents/container to ...

Other reported classifications

5 classification records exist across sources. Differences usually reflect purity, physical form or impurities.

SourceSignalHazard codes
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)DangerH315, H317, H318, H319, H330, H334, H335, H351, H412
NITE-CMCDangerH315, H317, H319, H330, H334, H351, H370, H372, H402, H412
NITE-CMCDangerH315, H317, H319, H332, H334, H351, H371, H372
Hazardous Chemical Information System (HCIS), Safe Work AustraliaDangerH315, H317, H319, H330, H334, H335, H351, H412

NFPA 704 rating

  • 3 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause serious or permanent injury.
    Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  • 1 - Materials that must be preheated before ignition can occur. Materials require considerable preheating, under all ambient temperature conditions, before ignition and combustion can occur.
    Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  • 2 - Materials that readily undergo violent chemical changes at elevated temperatures and pressures.
    Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

Health hazards

  • SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound may include irritation of the skin, eyes and respiratory system. It may cause bronchial asthma. It may also cause bronchitis and pulmonary edema. Other symptoms may include nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain. Exposure may cause an asthmatic reaction with wheezing, dyspnea and cough. Some decrease in lung function in the absence of symptoms has been observed after long periods of exposure. Eosinophilia has been reported. It may cause sore throat, runny nose, diarrhea and bronchial spasm. High concentrations are destructive to tissues of the skin, eyes, mucous membranes, upper respiratory tract and digestive tract.
    CAMEO Chemicals
  • Can cause death. Contact with skin may cause allergic eczema. Substance is very corrosive to eyes. Chronic exposure may cause chronic lung disease. As a vapor TDI is a powerful irritant to the respiratory tract. Chronic loss of respiratory function may occur. Acute asthmatic bronchitis or frank asthma may occur. A splash in the eyes of workmen has caused keratitis and conjunctivitis. This compound causes inflammation of the skin, also chemical pneumonitis and pulmonary edema. (EPA, 1998)
    CAMEO Chemicals
  • · TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. · Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. · Reaction with water or moist air may release toxic, corrosive or flammable gases. · Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. · Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. · Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause environmental contamination.
    Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG)

Fire hazards

  • This chemical is combustible. (NTP, 1992)
    CAMEO Chemicals
  • When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of cyanide and nitrogen oxides. Reacts violently with amines, alcohol, bases and warm water causing fire and explosion hazards. Avoid strong oxidizers, water, acids, bases, amines, etc., cause foam and splatter. Avoid heating. Hazardous polymerization may occur. Concentrated alkaline compound such as sodium hydroxide or tertiary amines may cause run-away polymerization. Slow, not hazardous polymerization may occur above 235F. (EPA, 1998)
    CAMEO Chemicals
  • · Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. · Substance will react with water (some violently) releasing flammable, toxic or corrosive gases and runoff. · When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards. · Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.). · Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. · Corrosives in contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. · Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water.
    Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG)

Hazards summary

  • Toluene diisocyanate exists in two isomeric forms (2,4-toluene diisocyanate and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate) which have similar properties and effects. Toluene diisocyanate is produced commercially as an 80:20 (2,4-toluene diisocyanate:2,6-toluene diisocyanate) mixture of the two isomers. At room temperature, the mixture is a clear, pale yellow liquid with a sharp, pungent odor. It should be stored under refrigeration, away from light and moisture in a tightly closed container under an inert atmosphere. Toluene diisocyanate is insoluble in water and miscible with most common organic solvents.
    Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)
  • 2,4-Toluene diisocyanate is primarily used as a chemical intermediate in the production of polyurenthane products. 2,4-Toluene diisocyanate is extremely toxic from acute (short-term) and chronic (long-term) exposures. Acute exposure to high levels of 2,4-toluene diisocyanate in humans, via inhalation, results in severe irritation of the skin and eyes and affects the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and central nervous systems (CNS). Chronic inhalation exposure to 2,4-toluene diisocyanate in humans has resulted in significant decreases in lung function in workers, an asthma-like reaction characterized by wheezing, dyspnea, and bronchial constriction.
    EPA Hazardous Air Pollutants

3Composition / information on ingredients

SubstanceCASECFormula
Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate584-84-9209-544-5C9H6N2O2

This page describes the pure substance. Commercial products may be solutions or mixtures. Check Section 3 of your supplier's SDS for concentrations and other ingredients.

4First-aid measures

  • EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water.
    CAMEO Chemicals
  • Signs and Symptoms of Acute Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate Exposure: Signs and symptoms of acute exposure to toluene 2,4-diisocyanate may be severe and include burning of the skin, eyes, nose, and throat. Cough, laryngitis, chest pain, tightness of the chest, bronchitis, asthma, emphysema, and enlargement of the right side of the heart may also occur. Gastrointestinal effects may include vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Headache, insomnia, euphoria, depression, anxiety, paranoia, neuroses, and ataxia (incoordination) may also be noted. Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to toluene 2,4-diisocyanate may require decontamination and life support for the victims.
    CAMEO Chemicals
  • General First Aid: · Call 911 or emergency medical service. · Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination. · Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely. · Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. · If victim is not breathing: -- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance. -- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).
    Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG)
  • (General first aid procedures) Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Skin: Soap wash immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing, wash the skin with soap and water, and get medical attention promptly. Breathing: Respiratory support Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.
    The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Symptoms of exposure

  • Sore throat. Cough. Headache. Nausea. Vomiting. Shortness of breath. Laboured breathing. Symptoms may be delayed.
    ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
  • Redness. Blisters. Pain.
    ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
  • Redness. Pain. Blurred vision.
    ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)

5Fire-fighting measures

  • To fight fire, use dry chemical, ... /carbon dioxide/.
    Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  • If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. /Toluene diisocyanate/
    Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  • Where there is a fire involving isocyanates, carbon dioxide or powder extinguishers must be employed. Firemen must be equipped with self-contained breathing apparatus. /Isocyanates/
    Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

Hazardous combustion products

  • Combustion by-products include oxides of nitrogen, hydrogen cyanide, and other irritants and toxic gases.
    Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

6Accidental release measures

Isolation and evacuation

  • Excerpt from ERG Guide 156 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]: IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary. FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)
    CAMEO Chemicals
  • Immediate precautionary measure · Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Spill · For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances. · For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary. Fire · If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.
    Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG)

Spill cleanup

  • Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Special emergency response required.
    ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
  • Spillage: Neutralize with special mixt (50% water, 45% alc, 5% concn ammonia water), collect leaking liq in sealable containers (extra personal protection: self-contained breathing apparatus).
    Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  • Decontamination of spilled isocyanates and disposal of isocyanate waste are best conducted by using aqueous ammonia (3-8% concentrated ammonia solution in 90-95% water with 0.2-5% liquid detergent) or aqueous sodium carbonate (5-10% sodium carbonate in 90-95% water and 0.2-5% liquid detergent). An alcoholic solution (50% ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, or butanol; 45% water; and 5% concentrated ammonia) may be preferred because of the low miscibility of isocyanates with water. /Isocyanates/
    Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  • AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS CONTAINING 10-20% (WT) OF A NONIONIC SURFACTANT, ARKOPAL-N100, WAS A USEFUL DECONTAMINATING AGENT FOR TOLYLENE DIISOCYANATE (TDI). THE SOLUTION CAN BE SPRAYED DIRECTLY ON SPILLS AS A LIQUID OR MAY BE APPLIED IN THE FORM OF A FOAM WHICH CAN BE GENERATED IN SUITABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHING EQUIPMENT. SOLID DECONTAMINANT FORMULATIONS WERE ALSO DEVELOPED WHICH CAN BE USED FOR GROUND SPILLS OF TDI.
    Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

7Handling and storage

  • Separated from food and feedstuffs. Separated from : see Chemical Dangers. Store between 20 °C and 25 °C. Dry. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Refer to the manufacturer's instructions for proper storage conditions.
    ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
  • Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Separate from acids, alkalies, oxidizing materials, amines, and water. Immediately remove and properly dispose of any spilled material.
    Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  • Storage temp: 75-100 °F
    Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  • Protect containers against physical damage. Store in a cool, dry, well- ventilated location, away from all possible ignition sources. Outdoors, detached or isolated storage is preferred. If stored in tanks, it should be blanketed with an inert gas such as nitrogen or with dry air. Care should be taken to prevent contact between isocyanates and strong alkali, which cause uncontrollable polymerization.
    Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

8Exposure controls / personal protection

LimitValueSource
OSHA PEL0.02 ppm (0.14 mg/m³)Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
OSHA PELC 0.02 ppm (0.14 mg/m3) See Appendix GThe National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
NIOSH RELCa See Appendix AThe National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
ACGIH TLV0.001 [ppm], inhalable fraction and vaporHaz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
ACGIH TLV0.005 [ppm], inhalable fraction and vaporHaz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
IDLH2.5 ppm ; A potential occupational carcinogen. (NIOSH, 2024)CAMEO Chemicals
IDLHExcerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Basis for revised IDLH: The revised IDLH for toluene­2,4­diisocyanate is 2.5 ppm based on acute inhalation toxicity data in animals [Duncan et al. 1962]. Since in sensitized individuals, even concentrations below the OSHA PEL are capable of triggering the allergic response, the revised IDLH has not been based on data obtained from the exposures of individuals or animals sensitized to TDI.Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases

Personal protective equipment

  • Excerpt from ERG Guide 156 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)
    CAMEO Chemicals
  • Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate: Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. Wash skin: • WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated. • DAILY - The worker should wash daily at the end of each work shift, and prior to eating, drinking, smoking, etc. Remove: WHEN WET OR CONTAMINATED - Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.
    CAMEO Chemicals
  • Wear special protective clothing and positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. Butyl rubber, nitrile rubber, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl chloride, or Viton barrier recommended.
    Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  • Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.
    Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

Respirator recommendations

  • NIOSH At concentrations above the NIOSH REL, or where there is no REL, at any detectable concentration: (APF = 10,000) Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode (APF = 10,000) Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus Escape: (APF = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus Important additiona…
    The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

9Physical and chemical properties

Molecular weight174.16 g/mol
Physical description
Toluene diisocyanate appears as a clear colorless to pale yellow liquid with a pungent odor. Denser than water. Burns, but may be difficult to ignite. Vapors are heavier than air. Vapors irritate the respiratory system. Toxic under prolonged exposure to vapor in low concentrations or short exposure to high concentrations of vapor. Carcinogenic. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion. Used to make polyurethane foams and paints. CAMEO Chemicals
Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate appears as colorless to yellow or dark liquid or solid with a sweet, fruity, pungent odor. Melting point 68 °F (20 °C). Evolves CO2 when moist. This can cause over-pressurization in an enclosed space.Toxic and carcinogenic. Used in polyurethane foams, coatings in floor and wood finishes, sealers, paints, concrete sealers for aircraft and tank trucks, elastomers in clay pipe seals, elastomers and coatings, and crosslinking agent for nylon. Rate of onset: Immediate Persistence: Hours - weeks Odor threshold: 0.4 - 2 ppm Source/use/other hazard: Polyurethane (wood coatings, foam), nylon industries; skin irritant. CAMEO Chemicals
Color / form
Water-white to pale yellow liquid Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Clear faintly yellow liquid Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Odor
Sharp, pungent Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Boiling point
484 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992) CAMEO Chemicals
484 °F at 760 mmHg (EPA, 1998) CAMEO Chemicals
251 °C Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Melting point
67.1 to 70.7 °F (NTP, 1992) CAMEO Chemicals
67.1 to 70.7 °F (EPA, 1998) CAMEO Chemicals
20.5 °C Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Flash point
250 °F (NTP, 1992) CAMEO Chemicals
270 °F (EPA, 1998) CAMEO Chemicals
127 °C Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
Autoignition temperature
greater than 300 °F (NTP, 1992) CAMEO Chemicals
greater than 300 °F (USCG, 1999) CAMEO Chemicals
Density / specific gravity
1.22 at 77 °F (NTP, 1992) - Denser than water; will sink CAMEO Chemicals
1.2244 at 68 °F (EPA, 1998) - Denser than water; will sink CAMEO Chemicals
Vapor density
6 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air) CAMEO Chemicals
6 (EPA, 1998) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air) CAMEO Chemicals
Vapor pressure
0.025 mmHg at 77 °F ; 1 mmHg at 176 °F (NTP, 1992) CAMEO Chemicals
1 mmHg at 176 °F (EPA, 1998) CAMEO Chemicals
Solubility
Reacts with water (NTP, 1992) CAMEO Chemicals
Decomposes (NTP, 1992) CAMEO Chemicals
Very soluble in acetone, benzene, ethyl ether Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
log Kow (LogP)
3.4 ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
Odor threshold
Odor Threshold Low: 0.05 [ppm] Odor Threshold High: 2.4 [ppm] Odor threshold from CHEMINFO [ICSC] Odor threshold = 50 ppb with about 1/2 of volunteers detecting and identifying the material at 400 ppb Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
Decomposition
When heated to decomposition, it emits highly toxic fumes of ... /nitrogen oxides/. Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Explosive / flammable limits
0.9 % (NTP, 1992) CAMEO Chemicals
0.9 % (EPA, 1998) CAMEO Chemicals
9.5 % (NTP, 1992) CAMEO Chemicals
9.5 % (EPA, 1998) CAMEO Chemicals
Lower flammable limit: 0.9% by volume; Upper flammable limit: 9.5% by volume Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

10Stability and reactivity

Reactivity

  • TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE is explosive in the form of vapor-air mixture when exposed to heat, flame or sparks. Potentially violent polymerization reaction with strong bases or acyl chlorides. Reaction with aniline may generate enough heat to ignite unreacted portion and surrounding materials. Reaction with water liberates carbon dioxide. Potential explosion if stored in polyethylene containers due to absorption of water through the plastic. Emits toxic fumes of oxides of nitrogen when heated to decomposition[Lewis, 3rd ed., 1993, p. 1251].
    CAMEO Chemicals
  • TOLUENE-2,4-DIISOCYANATE is explosive in the form of vapor when exposed to heat, flame or sparks. Undergoes potentially violent polymerization reaction with strong bases or acyl chlorides. Reacts with water to liberate carbon dioxide. Potential explosion if stored in polyethylene containers due to absorption of water through the plastic. Emits very toxic fumes of oxides of nitrogen when heated to decomposition [Lewis, 3rd ed., 1993, p. 1251].
    CAMEO Chemicals
  • Reaction with water liberates carbon dioxide, reaction is slow at STP.
    CAMEO Chemicals

Incompatible materials and hazardous reactions

  • Strong oxidizers, water, acids, bases, and amines (may cause foam and spatter); alcohols [Note: Reacts slowly with water to form carbon dioxide and polyureas].
    Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  • Liquid is heavier than water and reacts with water, forming carbon dioxide.
    Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  • 0.9-9.5 vol % in air. Reacts violently with amines, alcohols, bases and warm water, causing explosion hazards.
    Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

Chemical stability

  • Darkens on exposure to sunlight.
    Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

11Toxicological information

Target organs

  • Cancer, Respiratory (From the Nose to the Lungs)
    Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)
  • Eyes, skin, respiratory system
    The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Short-term exposure effects

  • The substance, the vapour of this substance and the aerosol are irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Inhalation of the vapour may cause asthma-like reactions. Inhalation of the vapour may cause chemical bronchitis, pneumonitis and lung oedema. Exposure far above the OEL could cause death. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.
    ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)

Long-term exposure effects

  • Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis. Repeated or prolonged contact may cause skin sensitization. Repeated or prolonged inhalation may cause asthma. This substance is possibly carcinogenic to humans.
    ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)

12Ecological information

Not available in the public sources we compile. Check Section 12 of the supplier's SDS.

13Disposal considerations

  • Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U223, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.
    Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  • Concentrated wastes from distillation equipment are preferably burnt in special waste incinerators. This also holds for complex and concentrated wastes, which cannot be regenerated by distillation. Because of the high reactivity of TDI /toluene diisocyanate/ waste waters contain only reaction products from the reaction with water. These can be biodegraded by treatment with activated sludge. Recommendable methods: Incineration, alkaline hydrolysis, discharge to sewer. Not recommendable: Landfill. Peer-review: Avoid contact or inhalation, add TDI to excess dilute alkali, and discharge to sewer. TDI can react explosively with moisture.
    Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  • A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.
    Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

14Transport information

UN number: UN 2078

Shipping name

  • UN 2078; Toluene diisocyanate
    Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  • IMO 6.1; Toluene diisocyanate
    Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

DOT hazard class

  • Toluene diisocyanate
    US Code of Federal Regulations, Hazardous Materials, 49 CFR Part 172
  • UN2078
    US Code of Federal Regulations, Hazardous Materials, 49 CFR Part 172
  • Div 6.1 Poisonous materials (49 eCFR § 173.132)
    US Code of Federal Regulations, Hazardous Materials, 49 CFR Part 172

DOT label

  • Poison
    CAMEO Chemicals

UN classification

  • UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: II
    ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)

Emergency Response Guidebook

  • 2078 156
    Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG)

How DOT hazard classes work →

15Regulatory information

  • This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Toluene 2,4-diisocyanate is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.
    Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  • Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 100 lb or 45.4 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).
    Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  • Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Benzene, 2,4-diisocyanato-1-methyl- is included on this list. Effective date: 6/1/87; Sunset date: 6/1/97.
    Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  • U223; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when toluene diisocyanate, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5).
    Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  • Toluene 2,4-diisocyanate is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.
    Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

Overview of SDS regulations (OSHA HazCom, WHMIS, REACH/CLP) →

16Other information

Compiled from PubChem CID 11443 and the sources it aggregates (attributed inline). Data retrieved 2026-10-12. This summary describes the pure substance and is not a supplier SDS.

Frequently asked questions about Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate

What is the CAS number for Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate?

The CAS Registry Number for Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate is 584-84-9. Its EC (EINECS) number is 209-544-5. It is transported under UN 2078.

Is Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate hazardous?

Yes. Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate is classified under GHS with the signal word “Danger”. Hazard statements: H315: Causes skin irritation; H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction; H319: Causes serious eye irritation; H330: Fatal if inhaled; H334: May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled; H335: May cause respiratory irritation; H351: Suspected of causing cancer; H412: Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects.

Is Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate flammable?

Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate is not classified as flammable under its primary GHS classification, but a flash point of 250 °F (NTP, 1992) has been reported, so it can burn under some conditions.

Which GHS pictograms apply to Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate?

Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate labels carry GHS06 (Skull and Crossbones) and GHS08 (Health Hazard).

What are the workplace exposure limits for Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate?

OSHA PEL: 0.02 ppm (0.14 mg/m³). NIOSH REL: Ca See Appendix A. ACGIH TLV: 8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.005 ppm; 15 min Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL): 0.02 ppm, sensitizer. /Toluene-2,4- or 2,6-diisocyanate (or as a mixture)/. IDLH: 2.5 ppm ; A potential occupational carcinogen. (NIOSH, 2024).

What PPE is needed when handling Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate?

Excerpt from ERG Guide 156 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

What is the first aid for Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate exposure?

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water.

How should Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate be stored?

Separated from food and feedstuffs. Separated from : see Chemical Dangers. Store between 20 °C and 25 °C. Dry. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Refer to the manufacturer's instructions for proper storage conditions.