Drum

Drums come as closed-head types with small bungs, and open-head types with a removable lid secured by a ring. Closed-head drums are usually for liquids, while open-head drums handle pastes and solids. Steel drums are strong and suit many solvents, plastic drums resist many corrosives, and fiber drums are used for dry materials. Compatibility with the contents is essential, since the wrong material can corrode, swell or leak.

For transport, drums that carry hazardous materials must meet performance standards under the DOT hazmat rules, 49 CFR Parts 171-180, and are marked to show which Packing group they are approved for. Labels, markings and the Proper shipping name must appear as required. Never reuse a drum for a different material without checking compatibility and removing old labels.

In use, drums are heavy and awkward. Handling hazards include back strain, dropped drums, spills while pouring and pressure build-up. Use drum dollies or lifts, vent bungs carefully, and avoid pouring by hand. When moving flammable liquids between metal drums, apply Grounding and bonding to prevent static sparks. A drum placed on a spill pallet provides Secondary containment.

Storage should take Chemical segregation into account, keeping incompatible drums apart, and flammable stock may belong in an approved room or Flammable storage cabinet where quantities allow. Empty drums can still contain vapors or residue and should be treated with care. Large drums are one kind of Bulk container depending on capacity. Each drum should carry a clear label connected to the SDS.