Bulk container

Bulk storage means that when something goes wrong, there is much more material involved. A leak from a large tank can cover a wide area, release large quantities of vapor and require a significant response. For this reason bulk containers are usually subject to extra requirements for construction, inspection, spill control, venting and labeling.

In transport, the DOT hazmat rules in 49 CFR Parts 171-180 define bulk packaging and set standards for how it is built, tested, marked and placarded. A Placard on the container or vehicle and a four-digit identification number help responders identify what is inside. Common bulk types include the IBC tote, portable tanks, cargo tanks and rail cars. A large Drum may or may not qualify as bulk depending on its capacity.

At a facility, bulk containers need good housekeeping: Secondary containment, overfill protection, labels, safe filling and emptying procedures, and routine inspection for corrosion and leaks. For flammable liquids, Grounding and bonding is needed during transfer to control static electricity. Quantities above set thresholds may trigger inventory reporting under laws such as EPCRA, so Tier II report and similar reports should be considered.

The SDS covers the material, not the container design. Section 7 gives storage advice such as compatible materials of construction and temperature limits, and Section 14 gives transport details. Workers who fill, empty or maintain bulk containers need specific training, particularly for tanks that count as Confined space when entered.