Sodium Chloride

1Identification

Name

Sodium Chloride

IUPAC name

sodium chloride

CAS number

7647-14-5

EC number

231-598-3

Molecular formula

ClNa

Molecular weight

58.44 g/mol

InChIKey

FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M

SMILES

[Na+].[Cl-]

PubChem CID

5234

Synonyms

sodium chloride, Table salt, Common salt, Sodium chloric, NaCl, Dendritis, Purex, Iodized salt, Top flake, Sodium chloride (NaCl), Flexivial, Gingivyl, Hyposaline, Sodium monochloride

Recommended uses

• Sodium chloride (NaCl). A colorless, cubic crystal or white, crystalline powder, found widely distributed over the earth, in sea water, etc., which is a necessary constituent of the body and consequently of the diet. It makes up over 90 percent of the inorganic constituents of the blood serum and is the principal salt involved in maintaining osmotic tension of the blood and tissues. (From Dorland, 27th ed) [ChemIDplus] Used in the hide preservation and pickling stages of leather production; [PMID 21938525]
  Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
• Leather Tanning and Processing [Category: Industry]
  Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
• For sodium chloride (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 013905) ACTIVE products with label matches. /SRP: Registered for use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./
  Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
• Brightener Cleaning agent Fragrance Flux agent Absorbent Thickening agent Filler Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable Catalyst Soil amendments (fertilizers) Viscosity modifiers Preservative Stabilizing agent Flow promoter Processing aids, specific to petroleum production Intermediate Chelating agent Flocculating agent Solids separation (precipitating) agent, not otherwise specified Etching agent Oxidizing agent Softener and conditioner Anti-freeze agent Foamant Freeze-thaw additive Lubricating agent Swelling agent Binder Other Tanning agents not otherwise specified Surfactant (surface active agent) Processing aids not otherwise specified Bleaching agent pH regulating agent Plating agent Che…
  EPA Chemical Data Reporting (CDR)
• Laboratory chemicals Softener and conditioner Intermediate Viscosity modifiers Soil amendments (fertilizers) Catalyst Thickening agent Filler Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable Flow promoter Stabilizing agent Brightener Bleaching agent Chemical reaction regulator Surfactant (surface active agent) Processing aids not otherwise specified Other Binder Anti-freeze agent
  EPA Chemical Data Reporting (CDR)

Use categories: EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Processing Aids and Additives · Safer Chemical Classes -> Green circle - The chemical has been verified to be of low concern · Animal Drugs -> FDA Approved Animal Drug Products (Green Book) -> Active Ingredients · Fragrance Ingredients

Description

• Sodium chloride is an inorganic chloride salt having sodium(1+) as the counterion. It has a role as an emetic, a NMR chemical shift reference compound and a flame retardant. It is an inorganic chloride and an inorganic sodium salt.
  ChEBI
• Sodium chloride, also known as salt, common salt, table salt or halite, is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chloride ions. Sodium chloride is the primary salt in seawater and in the extracellular fluid of many multicellular organisms. It is listed on the World Health Organization Model List of Essential Medicines.
  DrugBank
• Sea salt is the salt obtained from the evaporation of seawater or water from saltwater lakes. Sea salt production is subject to little processing which leaves certain trace minerals and elements behind. In comparison, table salt is mined from underground sedimentary deposits and is more heavily processed to eliminate minerals. Unlike sea salt, table salt usually contains an additive to prevent clumping and involves addition of iodine. Sea salt is a food ingredient and is often colored by adding charcoal or red clay to sometimes be referred to as “Hawaiian Sea Salt.”
  DrugBank

2Hazard identification

Signal word

Danger

Pictograms

GHS05

Classification source

Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council

Precautionary statements

Other reported classifications

2 classification records exist across sources. Differences usually reflect purity, physical form or impurities.

Hazards summary

• An eye irritant; Toxic after ingestion of large amounts; [CAMEO]
  Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases

3Composition / information on ingredients

This page describes the pure substance. Commercial products may be solutions or mixtures. Check Section 3 of your supplier's SDS for concentrations and other ingredients.

4First-aid measures

Not available in the public sources we compile. Check Section 4 of the supplier's SDS.

Symptoms of exposure

• Acute salt overdoses can lead to muscle cramps, dizziness or neurological conditions.
  Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

5Fire-fighting measures

• Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Advice for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.
  Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

Hazardous combustion products

• Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture: Hydrogen chloride gas, Sodium oxides.
  Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

6Accidental release measures

Spill cleanup

• Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.
  Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

7Handling and storage

• Bacteriostatic sodium chloride injections should be protected from freezing.
  Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
• Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
  Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

8Exposure controls / personal protection

No occupational exposure limits found in our sources.

Personal protective equipment

• Skin protection: Handle with gloves.
  Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
• Eye/face protection: Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).
  Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
• Respiratory protection: Respiratory protection is not required. Where protection from nuisance levels of dusts are desired, use type N95 (US) or type P1 (EN 143) dust masks. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
  Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
• Body Protection: Choose body protection in relation to its type, to the concentration and amount of dangerous substances, and to the specific work-place., The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
  Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

9Physical and chemical properties

10Stability and reactivity

Incompatible materials and hazardous reactions

• ... /Sodium chloride is/ rapidly attacked by bromine trifluoride ...
  Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
• Reaction with burning lithium forms the dangerously reactive sodium.
  Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
• Sodium chloride extinguishant should no be used on lithium fires since the reaction releases sodium and results in a more violent fire.
  Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

Chemical stability

• Stable under recommended storage conditions.
  Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

11Toxicological information

Not available in the public sources we compile. Check Section 11 of the supplier's SDS.

12Ecological information

Not available in the public sources we compile. Check Section 12 of the supplier's SDS.

13Disposal considerations

• SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.
  Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
• Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.
  Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

14Transport information

Not available in the public sources we compile. Check Section 14 of the supplier's SDS.

How DOT hazard classes work →

15Regulatory information

• Unless specifically excluded, residues resulting from the use of the following substances as either an inert or an active ingredient in a pesticide chemical formulation, including antimicrobial pesticide chemicals, are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance under FFDCA section 408, if such use is in accordance with good agricultural or manufacturing practices. Sodium chloride is included on this list.
  Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
• The Agency has determined that ... sodium chloride products, labeled and used as specified in this Reregistration Eligibility Decision document will not pose unreasonable risks or adverse effects to humans or the environment. Although the Agency has found that all uses of ... sodium chloride are eligible for reregistration, it should be understood that the Agency amy take appropriate regulatory action, and/or require the submission of additional data to support the registration of products containing sodium bromide and sodium chloride, if new information comes to the Agency's attention of if the data requirements for registration (or the guidelines for generating such data) change.
  Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
• The Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations identifies currently marketed prescription and over-the-counter drug products, including sodium chloride, approved on the basis of safety and effectiveness by FDA under sections 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
  Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

Overview of SDS regulations (OSHA HazCom, WHMIS, REACH/CLP) →

16Other information

Compiled from PubChem CID 5234 and the sources it aggregates (attributed inline). Data retrieved 2026-10-12. This summary describes the pure substance and is not a supplier SDS.